Bel Kemiği Stres Yaralanması Sonrası Beyzbol Atışlarına Dönüş: Bir Kapsamlı İnceleme

Özet (abstract)

Lumbar spine conditions impose a meaningful burden in professional baseball, with 206 lumbar spine-related injuries and 5,948 missed days from 2011 to 2017 in MLB and MiLB players (Makhni et al., 2023). Pitchers are consistently more affected than other players, with lumbar injury rates of 0.111 per 1000 athlete-exposures versus 0.040 for other position players in one professional baseball dataset (Makhni et al., 2023). A broader HITS-based review likewise concluded that pitchers are disproportionately affected by lumbar spinal conditions because of repetitive rotational loading (Lezak et al., 2026). Spine and core problems are also a substantial share of baseball injury burden overall, accounting for 11.7% of MLB disabled-list entries in an earlier epidemiologic study (Posner et al., 2011). Professional baseball back and neck strains and sprains produced 39,118 total missed days, and pitchers had more than double the injury rate of other position players in that cohort (Makhni et al., 2024). These data support a baseball-specific review rather than a generic spine review (Camp et al., 2016). Lumbar bone stress injury is a particularly relevant subgroup because pars conditions are common in athletes exposed to repetitive extension and rotation (Choi et al., 2022; Kriz et al., 2024). In professional baseball players with low back pain who underwent imaging, 27.6% were diagnosed with a pars defect, and 98.7% returned to professional baseball with a median return-to-play time of 51 days (Gould et al., 2020). Pitchers returned more slowly than position players in that cohort, which makes pitcher-specific extraction central to this review question (Gould et al., 2020). Baseball-specific biomechanics support this focus. Across 187 healthy pitchers, lumbar hyperextension was present during the first 66% of the pitch cycle, and most pitchers spent 45% of the cycle in at least 30° of lumbar extension (Singh et al., 2018). Adolescent baseball studies also show asymmetric lesion patterns, with pitchers more likely to develop spondylolysis on the side opposite the throwing arm (Teruya et al., 2024). Despite that burden, the return-to-play literature remains weakly standardized. Reviews of spine injuries state that no standardized return-to-play criteria exist for spinal injuries, and most published recommendations rely on expert opinion rather than high-quality comparative studies (Huang et al., 2016; Bonsignore-Opp et al., 2024). The baseball rehabilitation literature also notes deficits in identifying optimal rehabilitation prescription components for low back pain in this population (Teruya et al., 2024).

Yazarların özeti; kaynağından alınmıştır., 2026 · DOI ↗