Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

Short summary

Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression (β = -.16), supporting the vulnerability model, but not anxiety, where effects are balanced (self-esteem to anxiety: β = -.10; anxiety to self-esteem: β = -.08). Findings are based on a meta-analysis of 77 depression and 18 anxiety studies.

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