Cell Research· 2025Q1· Review
Trained immunity: induction of an inflammatory memory in disease
- 71citations
- Q1SCImago
- 2025year
Short summary
Innate immune cells can develop a 'memory' (trained immunity) through epigenetic and metabolic changes, leading to enhanced responses upon re-exposure, impacting diseases from infections to neurodegeneration.
AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.
Key points
- Innate immune cells can acquire a 'memory' through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming.
- This 'trained immunity' results in an enhanced response upon re-exposure to stimuli.
- Trained immunity plays a role in infections, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.
- It can offer heterologous protection against infections and counteract immunosuppression.
- Inappropriate induction of trained immunity can lead to chronic inflammation.
AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.
Abstract
The innate immune system adapts its behavior based on previous insults, mounting an enhanced response upon re-exposure. Hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow and peripheral innate immune cells can undergo epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming, establishing an innate immune memory known as trained immunity. The concept of trained immunity recently gained relevance in our understanding of how innate immunity is regulated in various diseases. This review explores the role of trained immunity in infections, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. We discuss how trained immunity can provide heterologous protection against infections, as it has been induced for decades by the Bacillus Calmette Guérin vaccine, how it can help counteract immunosuppression, and how it can be inappropriately induced leading to chronic inflammation. By understanding how trained immunity is involved in processes leading to health and disease, novel therapeutic strategies can be developed.
The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Cell Research, 2025 · DOI ↗
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ImmunologyImmunology and Microbiology