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SciPost Physics· 2026Q1

Compressing multivariate functions with tree tensor networks

Joseph Tindall, Miles Stoudenmire, Ryan Levy

Short summary

Tree tensor networks (TTNs) offer a more efficient compression format for multivariate functions than the commonly used tensor trains (TTs).

AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.

Key points

  • Tree tensor networks (TTNs) are introduced as a superior compression format for multivariate functions compared to tensor trains (TTs).
  • Direct and interpolative construction methods for representing functions as TTNs are provided.
  • TTNs offer significantly more efficient compression for a range of multi-dimensional functions.
  • A TTN-based solver for multi-dimensional, non-linear Fredholm equations is demonstrated.

AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.

Abstract

Tensor networks are a compressed format for multi-dimensional data. One dimensional tensor networks—often referred to as tensor trains (TT) or matrix product states (MPS)—are increasingly being used as a numerical Ansatz for continuum functions by ``quantizing’’ the inputs into discrete binary digits. Here we demonstrate the power of more general tree tensor networks (TTNs) for this purpose. We provide direct constructions of a number of elementary functions as generic tree tensor networks and interpolative constructions for more complicated functions via a generalization of the tensor cross interpolation algorithm. For a range of multi-dimensional functions we show how more structured tree tensor networks offer a significantly more efficient Ansatz than the commonly used tensor train. Finally, we demonstrate how the methods introduced in this work can be used to realize a TTN-based solver for multi-dimensional, non-linear Fredholm equations.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. SciPost Physics, 2026 · DOI ↗

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Field: Computational Mathematics

Computational MathematicsMathematics