Prevalence and Morphometric Features of the Canalis Sinuosus and Its Accessory Canals in Turkish Adult Patients: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional CBCT Study

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The canalis sinuosus (CS) and its accessory canals (ACs) are neurovascular canals of the anterior maxilla at risk during surgery. We examined their prevalence, side distribution, diameter, localization, and course on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and explored associations with age and sex. Methods: Two observers independently read CBCT images of 603 adults from a single center. Canals were recorded only if they measured at least 0.5 mm, and ACs only if their continuity with the CS could be traced. Age, sex, and side were examined with generalized estimating equations and Benjamini–Hochberg correction. Results: The CS was present in 53.2% of patients, bilaterally in 97.5% of them. ACs were seen in 59.5% of CS-positive patients (31.7% overall). Most ended in the lateral incisor region (26.5%) and ran straight vertically (63.4%). In exploratory analyses, age was associated with the presence of both canals (q = 0.040), whereas sex and side showed no significant association; the CS was wider in men (β = 0.227 mm; q < 0.001). Conclusions: At least one AC was present in 31.7% of patients, and 43.4% of ACs ended at lateral incisor or canine sites. When CBCT is available before anterior maxillary surgery, the planned site should be examined for these canals; demographic associations need confirmation.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Diagnostics, 2026 · DOI ↗