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Physical Review Research· 2026Q1

Simulating microwave-controlled spin imaging with free-space electrons

Santiago Beltrán-Romero, Stefan Löffler, Dennis Rätzel, Philipp Haslinger

Short summary

A new simulation framework validates the feasibility of imaging single spin dynamics using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) by modeling electron-microwave-spin interactions.

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Key points

  • Developed a simulation framework for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of single quantum spins.
  • Models electron-microwave-spin interactions using first-order scattering theory.
  • Provides numerical evidence for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and Fisher Information.
  • Validates the feasibility of imaging single spin dynamics with TEM.

AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.

Abstract

Simulating Microwave-Controlled Spin Imaging with Free-Space Electrons This repository contains the source code for producing the figures and simulation results presented in the article "Simulating Microwave-Controlled Spin Imaging with Free-Space Electrons". This project implements first-order scattering theory for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) simulations, specifically focusing on imaging single quantum spins. Context and Methodology Research Domain: This dataset was created within the field of Quantum Electron Microscopy and Theoretical Physics, specifically exploring the interaction between free-space electrons and single quantum spins. Purpose: The dataset serves to validate the feasibility of imaging single spin dynamics using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). It provides the numerical evidence for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and metrological sensitivity (Fisher Information) discussed in the associated publication. Creation Method: The data was generated using a custom Python-based simulation framework implementing first-order scattering theory. It models the phase shifts and momentum transfers experienced by an electron beam passing through a microwave-controlled spin system. Technical Details Structure and Naming: The dataset is organized to mirror the figures in the publication. Real-space data: Files typically contain simulated intensity distributions in the defocused position space. Reciprocal-space data: Files contain diffraction patterns (angle space). Analysis files: CSV or NumPy arrays containing calculated Fisher Information and SNR metrics. Software Requirements: Python 3.12.2 is required. Standard scientific libraries: NumPy 1.26.4, SciPy 1.12.0, and Matplotlib 3.8.3. Additional Resources: The complete source code for the simulation engine and data analysis protocol is available in the linked repository. Users should refer to the publication "Simulating Microwave-Controlled Spin Imaging with Free-Space Electrons" for the full theoretical derivations. Further Details Contact for Reuse: For specific parameter calibrations or to discuss practical implementations of this simulation code, contact Santiago Beltrán-Romero (santiago.romero@tuwien.ac.at).

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Physical Review Research, 2026 · DOI ↗

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