ACS Applied Nano Materials· 2026Q1
Isoelectric Point at the Nano−Bio Interface Dictates the Humoral Immune Responses of Vaccine Adjuvants
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- Q1SCImago
- 2026year
Short summary
Vaccine adjuvants with slightly acidic isoelectric points (pI) significantly enhance humoral immune responses by improving antigen uptake and dendritic cell activation.
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Key points
- Adjuvants with slightly acidic isoelectric points (pI) elicit stronger humoral immune responses.
- Tunable pI adjuvants improved adsorption of HPV-VLPs.
- Mechanisms include enhanced antigen uptake and accelerated antigen disappearance.
- Increased CD80 expression on dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes was observed.
AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.
Abstract
Abstract The isoelectric point is an intrinsic physicochemical property of nanoparticles that determines antigen adsorption and drug delivery efficacy. However, its impact on shaping immune responses remains poorly understood. Here, we engineered Alhydrogel adjuvants with tunable isoelectric points and systematically evaluated their immunological effects. Modulating the isoelectric point significantly influenced the adsorption of human papillomavirus (HPV)-like particles (VLPs), with adjuvants possessing slightly acidic isoelectric points producing significantly stronger humoral immune responses in mice. Mechanistic investigations showed that these adjuvants enhanced antigen uptake, accelerated antigen disappearance from the injection site, and increased CD80 expression on dendritic cells within draining lymph nodes. These identify the isoelectric point as a key regulator of adjuvant activity and establish a rational design principle for developing next-generation vaccine adjuvants with enhanced efficacy.
The authors' abstract, as published at the source. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2026 · DOI ↗
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ImmunologyImmunology and Microbiology