Beyond Novice to Expert

Abstract

This article presents a tarot-informed reflective developmental framework that integrates self-reflection, experiential learning, and professional role identity formation using the symbolism of Major Arcana tarot cards to describe nursing career milestones and draws upon Benner’s novice-to-expert model and O’Rourke’s Professional Role Identity Formation Theory. The cards of the Major Arcana provide archetypal symbols and narrative through which nurses can explore the ethical and professional meaning of their experiences. These archetypes function as catalysts for holistic reflection across the interconnected dimensions of being, becoming, knowing, caring, and wisdom. Tarot imagery can complement journaling, mentorship, ethical reflection, and career development across all stages of nursing practice. Further research must evaluate the framework’s acceptability, cultural relevance, and impacts on clinical reasoning, resilience, and job satisfaction. Tarot should be used as a self-reflective prompt rather than divination and not as a substitute for evidence-based clinical judgment, education, or supervision.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Holistic Nursing Practice, 2026 · DOI ↗