BMC Medical Education· 2026Q1
National trends in academic and hospital sponsoring institutions in US graduate medical education: a longitudinal observational study, 2014–2024
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- Q1SCImago
- 2026year
Short summary
US graduate medical education sponsorship shifted from general/teaching hospitals to academic medical centers/medical schools between 2014-2024, with general hospitals losing 808 residents, 50 programs, and 7.5 institutions annually, while academic centers gained 3,216 residents, 309 programs, and 3.7 institutions annually.
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Key points
- General/teaching hospital SIs lost an average of 808 residents, 50 programs, and 7.5 institutions annually from 2014-2024.
- Academic medical center/medical school SIs gained an average of 3,216 residents, 309 programs, and 3.7 institutions annually during the same period.
- Declines in general/teaching hospital SIs were concentrated among small institutions.
- Growth in academic medical center/medical school SIs was primarily among large institutions.
- The study analyzed public Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) data for 82% of national residents and programs.
AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.
Abstract
Sponsoring Institutions (SIs) play a central role in graduate medical education (GME), but national trends in GME capacity across SI types have not been well characterized. This study characterized longitudinal trends in residents, residency programs, and SIs across academic medical center/medical school and general/teaching hospital SI types in the United States from 2014 to 2024. Using public Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) data, we described all SI types and evaluated longitudinal trends among academic medical center/medical school and general/teaching hospital SIs, which together accounted for 82% of residents and residency programs nationally. We used linear regression with interaction terms to compare annual trends by SI type and negative binomial regression to assess associations between the number of SIs and SI type, ownership, size, and calendar year. General/teaching hospital SIs experienced an annual decline of 808 residents (95% CI 557-1058; P < 0.001), 50 programs (95% CI 18-82; P = 0.01), and 7.5 SIs (95% CI 5-9; P < 0.001). Academic medical center/medical school SIs experienced an annual increase of 3216 residents (95% CI 2954 to 3476; P < 0.001), 309 programs (95% CI 282-334; P < 0.001), and 3.7 SIs (95% CI 3-4; P < 0.001). Declines in the number of general/teaching hospital SIs occurred primarily among small SIs, whereas growth in the number of academic medical center/medical school SIs occurred primarily among large SIs. After adjustment for SI type, size, and ownership, calendar year was not independently associated with the number of SIs. From 2014 to 2024, GME sponsorship in the US shifted toward academic medical center/medical school SIs, with concurrent declines among general/teaching hospital SIs. These findings describe substantial changes in GME sponsorship across the two SI types responsible for most US residency training capacity.
The authors' abstract, as published at the source. BMC Medical Education, 2026 · DOI ↗
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Field: Pharmacology (Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics)
PharmacologyPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics