Journal of Histotechnology· 2026Q2· Review
A methodological evaluation of the immunohistochemistry techniques for peri-implant tissues. A systematic review
- 0citations
- Q2SCImago
- 2026year
Short summary
A systematic review of 100+ studies reveals that while immunohistochemistry effectively distinguishes healthy from diseased peri-implant tissues (showing increased inflammation, hypoxia, and bone resorption in disease), methodological variations, especially in antibody selection, hinder standardization and reproducibility.
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Key points
- Immunohistochemistry effectively identifies inflammatory markers, hypoxia, neovascularization, and bone resorption in peri-implant tissues.
- Diseased peri-implant tissues show greater inflammatory activity, hypoxia, neovascularization, and marginal bone resorption compared to healthy tissues.
- Methodological differences, especially in antibody selection, are a major challenge for standardizing and reproducing immunohistochemistry results.
- The technique can distinguish between healthy peri-implant tissues and inflamed states like peri-implantitis.
AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry is a technique used to detect specific antigens in tissue samples through antigen-antibody interactions. Understanding the effectiveness and limitations of immunohistochemistry is crucial for evaluating the clinical and biological implications of dental implants. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on the immunohistochemical characteristics of peri-implant tissues including the identification of laboratory methodologies and their reliability, with a particular focus on the selection of antibodies for the detection of key immunohistochemical markers and factors that influence the immunohistochemical profile of peri-implant tissues. Randomized and non-randomized studies using immunohistochemistry during the processing of peri-implant samples were included. The step-by-step process of the immunohistochemistry technique was the primary outcome of interest. Several databases were searched to identify relevant human studies published up to January 2026. Extracted data was organized into tables to generate a qualitative analysis. Most identified studies indicated that peri-implant tissues from diseased dental implants exhibited greater inflammatory activity, hypoxia, neovascularization, and marginal bone resorption than healthy peri-implant tissues through immunohistochemistry. Nonetheless, methodological differences, particularly in antibody selection, challenge the standardization and reproducibility of results across studies. Immunohistochemistry proves to be an effective tool for characterizing peri-implant tissues, distinguishing between healthy and inflamed states such as peri-implantitis. Future studies should focus on validating antibodies and standardizing protocols to enhance the reliability and clinical applicability of immunohistochemistry in assessing peri-implant conditions.
The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Journal of Histotechnology, 2026 · DOI ↗
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Field: Oral Surgery
Oral SurgeryDentistry