Organic Electrochemical Transistor Arrays With Integrated Lipid‐Sealed Femtolitre Chambers For Simultaneous Electrical and Optical Detection of Membrane Protein Activity

Abstract

ABSTRACT We report a scalable method for fabricating arrays of fifty‐two ion‐sensitive PEDOT:PSS organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) on glass coverslips, each incorporating an integrated fluoropolymer microwell sealed with a lipid bilayer for simultaneous electrical and fluorescence microscopy studies of membrane proteins. The architecture addresses a key limitation of existing OECT arrays by providing every transistor with an independent fluid reservoir sealed by its own isolated segment of lipid bilayer, thereby confining membrane protein diffusion to a defined sensing region. Microwells containing a dye‐labeled 50 mM KCl solution were sealed with lipid bilayers and overlaid with a dye‐free 100 mM KCl solution. Following addition of α‐hemolysin, formation of heptameric pores enabled K + ions to diffuse into the microwells and dye molecules to diffuse out, producing concurrent decreases in transistor conductance and fluorescence intensity. This integrated platform combines electrical and optical readout within independently addressable sensing sites and provides a versatile, scalable foundation for larger transistor arrays and the investigation of diverse membrane proteins reconstituted into lipid bilayers.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Small, 2026 · DOI ↗