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Arabian archaeology and epigraphy· 2026Q1

An Introduction to the Rock Art of Khaybar

Maria Guagnin, Romy Vartin, Munirah Almushawh, Rémy Crassard et al.

Short summary

Rock art analysis in Khaybar, Arabia, identified a distinct group of Bronze Age engravings, characterized by smaller, stylized, finely pecked motifs focusing on anatomical details, and unusual geometric patterns resembling field systems.

AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.

Key points

  • 2333 rock art panels were recorded around Khaybar oasis between 2020-2024.
  • Engravings from the Neolithic and first millennium BCE/CE are comparatively scarce.
  • A distinct group of Bronze Age engravings was identified.
  • Bronze Age motifs are smaller, more stylized, finely pecked, and focus on anatomical details.
  • Unusual geometric patterns resembling field systems were observed.

AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.

Abstract

ABSTRACT Between 2020 and 2024, the Khaybar Longue Durée Archaeological Project recorded 2333 rock art panels around the oasis of Khaybar in northwest Arabia. This dataset documents changing visual expression in a previously under‐researched region. The rock art broadly follows chronological and stylistic patterns observed elsewhere in northern Arabia. However, engravings of the Neolithic and the first millennium BCE / CE —which are normally abundant—appear comparatively scarce. A major result of the study is the identification of a distinct group of engravings tentatively attributable to the Bronze Age, a period that remains poorly defined in Arabian rock art research. These motifs follow consistent stylistic conventions with representations that are smaller and more stylized than Neolithic engravings, very finely pecked, and focussed on specific anatomic details. In addition, several unusual motifs were observed, including a group of geometric patterns resembling field systems.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Arabian archaeology and epigraphy, 2026 · DOI ↗

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Field: Archeology (Social Sciences)

ArcheologySocial Sciences