ScenePilot-4K: A Large-Scale First-Person Dataset and Benchmark for Vision-Language Models in Autonomous Driving

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we introduce ScenePilot-4K, a large-scale first-person dataset for safety-aware vision-language learning and evaluation in autonomous driving. Built from public online driving videos, ScenePilot-4K contains 3,847 hours of video and 27.7M front-view frames spanning 63 countries/regions and 1,210 cities. It jointly provides scene-level natural-language descriptions, risk assessment labels, key-participant annotations, ego trajectories, and camera parameters through a unified multi-stage annotation pipeline. Building on this dataset, we establish ScenePilot-Bench, a standardized benchmark that evaluates vision-language models along four complementary axes: scene understanding, spatial perception, motion planning, and GPT-based semantic alignment. The benchmark includes fine-grained metrics and geographic generalization settings that expose model robustness under cross-region and cross-traffic domain shifts. Baseline results on representative open-source and proprietary vision-language models show that current models remain competitive in high-level scene semantics but still exhibit substantial limitations in geometry-aware perception and planning-oriented reasoning. Beyond the released dataset itself, the proposed annotation pipeline serves as a reusable and extensible recipe for scalable dataset construction from public Internet driving videos.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Communications in Transportation Research, 2026 · DOI ↗