Exploring the impact of AI-enhanced language tools on multilingual learners’ grit, enjoyment, anxiety, and emotional disengagement: a positive psychology 2.0 perspective

Abstract

This study explored the connections between multilingual learners using AI-enhanced language tools and their social-emotional and motivational results, such as grit, foreign language enjoyment, anxiety, and emotional disengagement. To this end, 459 international learners of Chinese as a foreign language from diverse geographic and educational backgrounds completed verified questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential analyses showcased that more frequent use of AI tools was related to higher perseverance and enjoyment, and lower anxiety and emotional disengagement. The findings evidence that AI-supported learning can boost learners’ motivation and emotional regulation in language-learning situations. Theoretically, the study emphasises the importance of self-determination theory (SDT) and cognitive load-reducing frameworks. Practically, it suggests integrating AI tools strategically to support learner engagement and well-being.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. International Journal of Multilingualism, 2026 · DOI ↗