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The Lancet· 2026

Fabricated citations: an audit across 2·5 million biomedical papers

Maxim Topaz, Nir Roguin, Pallavi Gupta, Zhihong Zhang et al.

Short summary

An audit of 2.5 million biomedical papers revealed that fabricated citations, which point to non-existent studies, are present in the scientific literature.

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Field: History and Philosophy of Science

History and Philosophy of ScienceArts and Humanities