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Financial Innovation· 2026Q1

Investor heterogeneity and stock market volatility: cross-country evidence from an extended heterogeneous agent model

Zhongqiang Zhou, Jie Li, Xiong Xiong, Chee‐Wooi Hooy

Short summary

A new composition-weighted heterogeneity intensity measure, combining belief differentials and investor participation, strongly and robustly predicts stock market volatility across 12 developed and emerging markets.

AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.

Key points

  • Introduced a composition-weighted heterogeneity intensity measure combining belief differentials and endogenous investor composition.
  • Found this measure strongly and robustly positively associated with stock market volatility.
  • Belief-gap measure alone was not systematically related to realized volatility.
  • Analyzed equity index data from 12 developed and emerging markets (2010-2023) at multiple frequencies.

AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.

Abstract

We study how investor heterogeneity relates to stock-market volatility in a cross-country setting using an extended fundamentalist–chartist heterogeneous agent model (HAM). We propose a time-varying heterogeneity intensity measure that combines belief differentials with endogenous investor composition to capture composition-weighted heterogeneity. Using equity index data for 12 developed and emerging markets over 2010–2023 at multiple sampling frequencies, we estimate the model for each market under a harmonized protocol. Across markets and specifications, the belief-gap measure alone is not systematically related to realized volatility, whereas the composition-weighted heterogeneity intensity exhibits a strong and robust positive association with volatility. The results highlight the importance of incorporating both heterogeneous beliefs and participation dynamics in behavioral asset-pricing frameworks and provide a parsimonious metric for characterizing time-varying heterogeneity in international equity markets.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Financial Innovation, 2026 · DOI ↗

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Field: Economics and Econometrics

Economics and EconometricsEconomics, Econometrics and Finance