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Production and Operations Management· 2026Q1

EXPRESS: Let Clickstream Talk: A Graph Neural Network Approach to Sales Forecasting

Rong Liu, Zihan Chen, Denghui Zhang, Mai Feng et al.

Short summary

A new deep learning framework, ForecastClickGraph, uses clickstream data to forecast sales by modeling consumer journeys as a dynamic graph, outperforming benchmarks by 10-28% in accuracy.

AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.

Key points

  • ForecastClickGraph models consumer shopping journeys as dynamic graphs of product-stage interactions.
  • It uses a graph neural network to learn product representations incorporating temporal patterns and cross-product associations.
  • The framework predicts sales distributions using quantile regression, improving probabilistic forecasts.
  • Experiments show 10-28% higher accuracy than benchmarks, especially for promotional sales.

AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.

Abstract

Abstract This paper proposes ForecastClickGraph, a deep learning framework that extracts cross-product relationships and demand information from clickstream data for probabilistic sales forecasting. ForecastClickGraph models stages in consumer shopping journeys as a dynamic graph, where nodes represent individual product-stage combinations, such as product A viewed or added to cart, and directed edges capture the transitions between stages. A customized graph neural network learns product representations that incorporate both product-level temporal patterns and cross-product associations. Another graph-based module further detects demand spikes using early signals from related products. ForecastClickGraph cross-learns demand patterns across large-scale products and estimates demand distributions through quantile regression. Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset show that ForecastClickGraph outperforms state-of-the-art benchmark models by 10-28% in forecast accuracy, with particularly strong performance in predicting promotional sales bursts. It also yields superior probabilistic forecasts with substantially lower quantile loss and improved calibration relative to benchmarks.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Production and Operations Management, 2026 · DOI ↗

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Field: Management Science and Operations Research

Management Science and Operations ResearchDecision Sciences