Matching management to anticipated hypotension risk during emergency tracheal intubation

Abstract

The multicentre service evaluation by Ramasamy et al. [1] identified substantial variation in induction drug selection, dosing and pre-emptive vasopressor use during emergency tracheal intubation. The authors advocated standardisation, but their data leave an earlier issue unresolved: whether management was aligned with the haemodynamic risk anticipated before induction. The sub-group distributions are consistent with some risk-adapted prescribing. When cardiovascular instability was an indication for tracheal intubation, propofol was used less frequently than in the overall cohort (41% vs. 63%) and at a lower median dose (0.6 vs. 1.4 mg.kg-1), whereas ketamine was used more frequently (53% vs. 23%). Furthermore, the risk of post-induction hypotension was reported to influence induction drug choice and dose in 45% of tracheal intubations [1]. Aggregate frequencies of propofol or vasopressor use therefore cannot establish where the principal quality-improvement gap lies. Importantly, the case report form asked clinicians to grade the anticipated risk of severe hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 80 mmHg) after tracheal intubation from very likely to very unlikely [1]. Linking this rating descriptively with induction drug selection and dose, haemodynamic support and new severe post-induction hypotension, restricted to patients without severe pre-induction hypotension, would help to assess whether management tracked perceived risk. Adjacent categories could be combined if numbers were small. The timing of this assessment also requires clarification. Although the question refers explicitly to risk before induction, case report forms could be completed using contemporaneous information, handover or clinical notes [1]. If the assessment was entered after the outcome was known, that knowledge could have influenced the rating. These patterns would have different clinical implications. New severe hypotension among patients judged to be at low risk would suggest limitations in risk recognition; high anticipated risk without corresponding management adaptation would suggest an implementation gap; and severe hypotension despite risk-adapted management would suggest risk that persists despite attempted mitigation. Large international prospective datasets show that lower pre-intubation systolic blood pressure and cardiovascular instability as the indication for intubation are associated independently with major peri-intubation adverse events [2]. International consensus on the physiologically difficult airway also emphasises haemodynamic optimisation before tracheal intubation and attention to cardiorespiratory status thereafter [3]. Standardised protocols may improve safety, but linking anticipated risk with management and outcome would help to determine whether they should primarily strengthen risk recognition, translation of recognised risk into action or support for patients who remain unstable despite adaptation.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Anaesthesia, 2026 · DOI ↗