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Gender & History· 2026Q2

Trafficked and Rescued: Travails of the Chinese “Slave Girl” in Progressive Era California

Alexander Jin

Short summary

Progressive Era discourse racialized Chinese "slave girls" as objects of rescue, distinct from non-Chinese sex workers, enabling missionaries to wield state power for reform.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT This article examines the cultural and intellectual history of the Chinese “slave girl” in Progressive Era California. Joining a rich literature on how the movement of women across Europe and the Americas stoked cultural anxieties around sex work, gender norms, and “trafficking,” this article uses missionary documents and newspaper accounts to explore how slavery discourse collapsed variations in Chinese women and girls' experiences of freedom and unfreedom in America. I show how, in contrast to her non‐Chinese counterparts, the Chinese “slave girl” was positioned as a racialized object of rescue within the borders of the American nation‐state, where missionaries could wield violent state power in the name of religious and reformist zeal. This article concludes by re‐reading and deconstructing “rescue” narratives through a reparative lens.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Gender & History, 2026 · DOI ↗

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Field: Cultural Studies

Cultural StudiesSocial Sciences