White structure flaking (WSF) in wind turbine gearbox bearings: Effects of ‘butterflies’ and white etching cracks (WECs)

Short summary

This review synthesizes current understanding of white structure flaking (WSF) in wind turbine gearbox bearings, a common failure mode linked to 'butterflies' and white etching cracks (WECs). It highlights that the precise formation mechanisms remain incompletely understood despite decades of observation.

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