What the Etude Taught Me: On Music, Surgery, and a Pedagogy Worth Borrowing

Abstract

Surgical dexterity is a motor skill, and motor skills are teachable. Surgical education has built an increasingly sophisticated apparatus for teaching them, from mastery-based knot-tying curricula and home skills laboratories to operative video atlases, coaching programs and sensor-derived performance metrics. Serious instrumental music pedagogy has been refining its own methods for far longer, and 3 of its organizing principles are worth examining alongside our own: that a large volume of purposeful repetition is the precondition for automaticity, that accuracy must be consolidated before speed is introduced, and that an internalized representation of the target performance should be built before the hands begin to move. This perspective is written by a clinician who trained seriously at the piano before training in surgery. It argues that these principles are mechanisms rather than metaphors. Surgical education already applies several of them in places, and naming them explicitly would allow them to be applied more consistently and assessed more directly. Three proposals follow: structured preprocedural preparation that pairs video review with deliberate live observation, assessment that sequences accuracy before speed, and explicit recognition of the deliberate practice habits that trainees bring with them, coupled with the faculty development required to teach those habits to trainees who arrive without them.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Journal of surgical education, 2026 · DOI ↗