Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axes: sex differences in regulation of stress responsivity

Short summary

Gonadal hormones, particularly estradiol in females, significantly influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to sex differences in stress response. Female mice and rats exhibit a more robust HPA axis response compared to males, partly due to fluctuating gonadal steroid levels across the estrous cycle.

AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.