Effect of placement technique on the push-out bond strength of three modern root repair materials: A multi-level in vitro analysis

Abstract

Abstract Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the push-out bond strength (POBS) of three root repair materials (RRMs) – mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and Bio-C Repair – placed using two distinct techniques (sectional and full-root placement) at coronal, middle, and apical dentin levels. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight extracted mandibular premolars were prepared and divided into three material groups ( n = 16), each further subdivided into sectional placement (Group S) and full-root placement (Group F). Standardized 1-mm slices were obtained from each root level, i.e., coronal, middle, and apical. After 24 h of incubation at 37°C, POBS was determined using a universal testing machine. Data were statistically analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and independent t -tests (α =0.05). Results: Biodentine demonstrated the highest POBS values in all regions. In Group S, mean values ranged from 4.57 to 4.97 MPa for MTA, 5.13 to 5.46 MPa for Biodentine, and 2.99 to 3.40 MPa for Bio-C Repair. Group F showed consistently lower values: MTA – 3.93–4.17 MPa, Biodentine – 4.27–4.54 MPa, and Bio-C Repair – 2.48–2.75 MPa. Group S exhibited significantly greater POBS than Group F for all materials ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: POBS of RRMs was significantly influenced by both material type and placement technique. Sectional placement produced greater dislodgement resistance than full-root placement, while Biodentine demonstrated the highest bond strength among the tested materials.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, 2026 · DOI ↗