Scientific Reports· 2026Q1
A COVID-19 transmission model with optimal control integrating BERT with LHS and least-squares fitting for real-world consistency
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- Q1SCImago
- 2026year
Short summary
A novel COVID-19 transmission model integrates BERT and Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) with least-squares fitting, achieving greater consistency with real-world data by calibrating disease dynamics based on D-dimer and lymphocyte levels.
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Key points
- Developed a COVID-19 transmission model stratified by D-dimer levels and lymphocyte counts for heterogeneous dynamics.
- Integrated BERT, Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS), and least-squares fitting for robust model calibration and real-world data consistency.
- Established model equilibria (disease-free, endemic) and analyzed their stability.
- Identified optimal control strategies, indicating universal personal protection and focused treatment for severe cases as most cost-effective.
AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.
Abstract
We develop a model of COVID-19 transmission that captures heterogeneous disease dynamics through a clinical progression stratified by D-dimer levels and lymphocyte counts. We establish the existence, non-negativity, and boundedness of the model’s solutions, derive the disease-free and endemic equilibria, and analyze their local and global stability. We further establish the existence of optimal controls and obtain the corresponding characterizations. Model calibration is carried out by combining Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) with Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and least squares fitting. LHS provides global exploration and multistart initialization, while constrained nonlinear least-squares refinement ensures consistency between model outputs and observed data, thereby enhancing the reliability of the model. Numerical simulations indicate that the most cost-effective prevention and control strategy is to implement personal protection measures across the entire population while concentrating treatment on severely infected individuals.
The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Scientific Reports, 2026 · DOI ↗
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Field: Modeling and Simulation
Modeling and SimulationMathematics