National Strength and Conditioning Association 2016 Japan Abstracts

Abstract

The Effect of Moving From the Center of the Body Controlled by Trunk Muscles With Focusing Center of Gravity on Dynamic Vision, Whole-Body Reaction Time, Dynamic Balance, Muscle Strength and Psychological State Noboru Saito Total Fitness Support Inc, Tochigi, Japan Purpose: In a training to enhance athlete's performance, focusing on the center of gravity (COG) and using core musculature to control the position of the COG to initiate movement from the COG (COG initiation) have been the parts of our training program. This is coming from the idea of that COG initiation can positively affect the ability to enhance performance. However, this idea is rather empirical and has not been proven scientifically. In this study it is purposed to examine the effects of COG initiation on performance parameters such as dynamic vision, whole-body reaction time, dynamic balance, muscle strength and psychological state. Methods: Nineteen subjects (15 males and 4 females, age 34.8 ± 16.4) involved in this study are athletes including the ones with disabilities (2 athletes) from 19 sports consisted of track and field, swimming, shooting, power sports, field sports, winter sports and motor sports. Same subject had COG initiation trial and control trial and had been assessed for dynamic vision, whole-body reaction time, dynamic balance, muscle strength and psychological state. Dynamic vision was assessed with subjective scaling of 3 non-contact thrusts to the face of subject. Whole body reaction time has been measured with the time to leave floor from position with lightly flexed hip at the visual signal. The trial was recorded with video camera and time was calculated using the frames (24 fps). Dynamic balance assessment used body weight forward lunge and measured time from full contact of stepping foot to whole body stabilization at the bottom position of lunge. Time had been calculated using video camera, the same way as whole body reaction time. Muscle strength was measured using Smedley grip dynamometer. Psychological state was assessed by walking in 3 different COG position (normal, high, and low) which subject changes the vertical diameter of abdominal cavity by voluntarily controlling transverse abdominal muscle and diaphragm. Then subject answers the 24 questionnaires to assess the changes in psychological state. Results: Dynamic vision was measured using subjective scaling (1: looked slow, 3: looked fast, 5: looked very fast) and COG initiation trial (2.53 ± 0.77) has stated that the thrusts looked slower than control trial (3.63 ± 0.67) (p ≤ 0.05). For whole body reaction time, COG initiation trial (460 ± 130 ms) was significantly shorter than control trial (550 ± 170 ms) (p ≤ 0.05). In dynamic balance, COG initiation trial (right: 620 ± 290 ms, left: 610 ± 190 ms) had used significantly shorter time to stabilize the body then control trial (right: 780 ± 320 ms, left: 1,150 ± 570 ms) (p ≤ 0.05). For muscle strength, COG initiation trial (right: 42.18 ± 8.16 kg, left: 41.39 ± 7.64 kg) showed significantly higher number than control trial (right: 40.29 ± 8.73 kg, left: 38.81 ± 6.79 kg) (p ≤ 0.05). For psychological state, all subjects selected different answer for each COG position. At normal position “well-controlled,” at high position “walking on air” and at low position “heavy-footed” are the most chosen phrases to express each position. Discussion: From the results, it can be stated that by using COG initiation, dynamic vision, whole-body reaction time, dynamic balance and muscle strength can be enhanced and psychological state can also be altered. Followings could have been affected by COG initiation. For dynamic vision, by focusing on COG, one tends not to stare at object and rather use peripheral visions. For whole body reaction time, by initiating movement from COG, core and hip joint muscles are first activated and thus proximal to distal movement chain happens. This results in higher muscle power output. Counter movement that happens at the beginning of the jump will be reduced. Another factor is that reaction force can be effectively earned since one can apply force onto the floor more precisely to the directly opposite of the COG direction. In dynamic balance, controlling the position of COG with core musculature, one can suppress the fluctuation of COG during movement. Lumbar spine and pelvis can be stabilized by core muscles. Also affecting is that by initiating from COG, motor control becomes feed forward and thus the movements are carried out smoothly. For muscle strength, it can be thought that when body is stabilized, the postural muscle activity is reduced thus grip strength can be more effectively carried out. For psychological state, different COG position can alter the sole-pressure sensation and such change may affect one's psychological state. Practical Application: By including COG initiation into athlete's training, his performance can be enhanced. Before starting exercising, by using COG initiation on top of basic exercise technique, training becomes more specific and thus performance enhancing effect is anticipated. COG initiation utilizes COG focus during movement and therefore timing of installing COG initiation should automated stage, where athlete can perform exercise without conscious control, after acquiring the exercise technique. For future study, to make it more practical information, it is required to scientifically investigate COG initiation mechanism. High-Intensity Interval Training in College Hockey Players Using the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test Toshiki Kanto1and Masatoshi Nakamura2 1Department of Students Sports Support, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan; and2Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan Introduction: Soccer and rugby, as with most competitive team sports, have repeated high-intensity movements interspersed with periods of low-intensity activity. Thus, endurance training is important in these sports. Although most teams cannot spend a lot of time on endurance training, strength and conditioning coaches are required to improve their players' endurance capacities efficiently in a limited time. In recent years, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is gathering attention as an effective of endurance In the field, it is to the training of Thus, on the 30-15 30-15 not also training have that in a In have the by field as 30-15 and have used training The a on 30-15 in during Methods: ± ± ± kg) the 30-15 and after a The was performance, and the in the 30-15 was as 30-15 The was an from to and each consisted of of for interspersed with of was and by by using the by The and and all on a field with Results: more than of training, and the was training, effect Although weight not body was effect Discussion: In this study, by which was than the in the study had as a and this study had one However, our results that one can an of in all and it is that training was In a change of can be as a change in performance. one in during could it is that the in using was the in body Practical is effective in players' with one training In it is to athletes in Japan where the training is in the In the will to and in practical in Players 1Department of Human of Human University, of and Human University, of and University of Japan; of Health and Sports Sciences, of Health and Medical Sciences, University, Kyoto, Japan Introduction: Movement has been used to and for and are in The of this study was to for the in a of to examine movement and and body and to movement and and with and without a of Methods: 24 in teams of in this The to and their body and ± years, ± ± kg, and ± and age using body and movement was assessed using the which of and and and age using was used for in and and for was by was at ≤ Results: was ± ± for ± for was significantly positively with age and with not significantly with with The was not significantly different and and with and without a of was a and for the and Discussion: This study that was significantly and positively to age in The that movement may be by age and that was to with movement in with higher In this study, was in and on The results that in this age have and control than of the same Practical Application: Using to in to from training to future for in the is a very to each with of Muscle by to Training University of of Japan; 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The of and in of Players for Health and Sports Niigata, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan; University of Medical and Sciences, Niigata, Japan Introduction: has a whole-body that the is by the from the movement of body to the movement of The can the effects of not also high performance. of the have on the and of and and of body have been The of this study is to the of and in performance of Methods: The subject was ± ± ± was measured by the the force and the The performance assessed the of center of as The and as 4 and reaction force of the and The ability assessed as power on by an The performance and parameters was using the Results: The and ± and ± was significantly with higher was by higher and Although was significantly with higher and higher power subjects from these Discussion: From the results of the it was that and of the pelvis and during the had an important to higher higher power was to during and strength of are to high performance. the from the a to have the and thus the than the and strength Practical In to high performance, to be effective for the of of the pelvis and hip joint to enhance the of of the hip and to the strength training to the body and training to the ability such as jump and The of power is also effective for the performance. of Muscle Strength and the University, Japan; Japan Purpose: In recent years, the of foot muscle strength has been in the using and However, study is for for muscle strength had been and in the the strength of is and that is of is in this study, a of all then assessed players' muscle strength as as the foot Methods: high ± years, ± weight ± kg) in the had been for ± was used to the of then and muscle strength was measured with muscle strength and strength at position was Results: and for foot ± and ± and for foot ± and ± and ± and ± for foot and ± and ± for muscle strength for first and was ± kg, ± kg, ± kg, ± and ± For it was ± kg, ± kg, ± kg, ± and ± first and muscle strength for and body Discussion: for in the normal for and foot ± and ± and this for The that are may this and thus it is to to The body weight and first and strength may the important of for body Body weight of is to first and in it is a that first and muscle strength and However, it may be important to such muscles during to muscle as in and more Practical Application: for for the for for in a muscles as may to an ability to and the and to effective of body muscle in Muscle and University, Japan; University of Health and Sports Sciences, Japan Introduction: have been on muscle during exercise measured using of muscle have also been on the of muscle after has been that time after exercise in is shorter than that of The of this study was to examine the in muscle endurance athletes and in the of exercise Methods: and ± years, ± ± kg) and ± years, ± ± kg) in this are used with a was measured using changes in muscle measured using and muscle was recorded at the after exercise was calculated as the time of the from the and the of the in was by Results: The for the was ± that for the was ± a (p was The for the was ± that for the was ± the for the was significantly shorter (p ≤ than that for the Discussion: Although the of the was a low for endurance it is thought that is when using the with the in and that in a of on exercise in an endurance and the to that tends to be shorter in this than in the In this study, used on and the as an in the it is that high at the is one of the of high Practical Another study that on a and after 4 of muscle training, was higher after the training than the is thought that an in the by training after and be for muscle of athletes during and after for a Support University of Sports and Japan Introduction: the of in high performance sports in the has to the and it becomes more than as a for high performance in the field of sports and has changes in a high performance a of to for a for However, since a to and in to a has not on are this the the and results from and in to 3 at University of Sports and Methods: was in and is to high athletes all in the field of sports and has 3 to for sports and of has top In the first was and changes into and in to Results: In and in to high from top performance stated of In the same time, that each was specific and in to and Discussion: has effective and are to of is on that and of a field of sports are by performance and by Practical a to high performance athletes becomes more and the for to of high performance in to and for that it cannot be as a has for one In to and the of with the have a could and of Health Fitness in and Health Center University College of and Japan; Japan Introduction: In the to as first in to The of this to as are as it is in a in to the to it has a high for training as on training, and it the use of the by are to use the This study was a of the effect of this on the and psychological state of to as and their and on the of by the Methods: The subjects at our and was using The psychological involved using a questionnaires used to exercise psychological Results: the of the to a of and walking in after the a was a in their a psychological to the results of the of the and of the a psychological change after starting the program. 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Discussion: training to be effective for in the and and in hip may to the of hip in Practical exercise training may be for and from by in and muscle and in hip strength and in hip The Effect of Training on and Body Muscle Strength of Players Support, University, University, University, Japan; Japan Purpose: training is to improve athlete's performance. of to focus on muscle and not focus on muscle and males are in of and not use as this study is purposed to examine the effect of on performance of as as body muscle Methods: as subject. into ± years, ± and weight ± kg) training a for and ± years, ± and weight ± kg) in control was calculated by time of jump jump and jump using force and after the muscle strength of and hip was measured using strength was measured at and and was by body weight was used to and after and was at than Results: of and from and after the training was In all the jump significantly after training (p showed in 3 after strength for and hip and after the training was In strength at had significantly (p not in hip strength was significantly at and in not in at Discussion: has been as a training to improve jump performance and muscle and performance in our study, is to be effective for strength of and hip can also be is a training that utilizes of muscle and of body strength is to enhance strength, thus jump performance is to be Practical Application: For in is not effective to improve jump performance also effective for enhancing body strength, and of for and a Test Time in Toshiki and University of Japan Introduction: The number of in Japan has the From a and are the for performance in a The of this study was to a for time using a with Methods: and ± of recent a The subjects a that consisted of a and a The of the was for each subject. is as the The was to and The of the was at and it was by was as the when is and is as a of The and recent time using was used to time from a that and Results: was significantly with time and showed that of time was by and (p In all of time The was time Discussion: is that and at during a are of time, these cannot the of their In this study, using and measured during a a it was that time can be from this Practical to their performance. The that all are important for performance in a At and sports have and to has to the thus that perform the in to the effects of their training and the of their This also be for a The Effect of on Time and in the University, Japan; Japan Purpose: Body exercise has been attention it at the of exercise and thus that to endurance performance in the at has of than body This study the that is of and that and their effect on time trial performance and in the Methods: exercise time trial had all 3 time a a and a with

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2016 · DOI ↗