Viruses· 2026Q1· Review
Current Perspectives on the Immunopathogenesis and Pathology of Small Ruminant Lentivirus Infections
- 0citations
- Q1SCImago
- 2026year
Short summary
Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRVLs) cause a progressive, multisystemic inflammatory disease in sheep and goats, primarily targeting monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells, leading to chronic inflammation in lungs, brain, joints, and mammary glands.
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Key points
- SRVLs cause a progressive, multisystemic inflammatory disease in small ruminants.
- The primary targets for SRVLs are monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells.
- Chronic inflammation is observed in the lungs, brain, joints, and mammary gland.
- Disease progression is slow, with overt symptoms appearing in approximately one-third of infected animals.
AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.
Abstract
Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRVLs), including ovine maedi-visna virus and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus, are considered genetically a single pathogen that causes a progressive multisystemic inflammatory disease. Continuous interspecies transmission in areas where these species come into contact, along with dual infection in individual animals, results in recombination between variants. The main routes of infection are ingestion of infected colostrum and/or milk and inhalation of respiratory secretions. SRLVs primarily target monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. Following infection, chronic lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrates are observed in the main target organs: lungs, brain, joints, and mammary gland. Infection with the virus causes lifelong infection in its host, characterized by slow progression until overt disease, which is observed in approximately one-third of the infected animals, occurs. The affected system appears to depend on SRLV strain tropism, the species affected, and the genetic background of each breed or animal. This review examines the immunopathogenesis and pathology of small ruminant lentiviruses.
The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Viruses, 2026 · DOI ↗
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Small AnimalsVeterinary