Journal of the American Chemical Society· 2026Q1
Phenol-Driven Modulation Enables the Crystallization of Titanium Metal–Organic Frameworks
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- 2026year
Short summary
Phenol acts as a novel modulator to successfully crystallize a previously unattainable titanium metal-organic framework (MOF), TUW-11, composed of Ti(IV) centers and ellagic acid linkers.
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Key points
- Phenol is identified as a novel and effective modulator for synthesizing titanium-based MOFs.
- A new crystalline Ti-MOF, TUW-11, was successfully synthesized using phenol modulation, featuring monometallic Ti(IV) centers and ellagic acid linkers.
- TUW-11 possesses a layered microporous structure with 1.1 nm channels, a narrow band gap, and p-type semiconducting properties.
- The MOF exhibits ligand-centered visible-light photoresponse.
AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.
Abstract
Abstract Titanium-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) remain among the most challenging frameworks to synthesize due to the high reactivity of Ti(IV) precursors, particularly when in combination with strongly coordinating phenolate ligands. Phenol is an untapped modulator for MOF synthesis that enabled the formation of a new crystalline Ti-MOF phase, otherwise unattainable through established modulators. We show how transient Ti-phenolate species formed in solution regulate titanium coordination equilibria and demonstrate the broader applicability of phenol modulation for several reported Ti-MOF systems. As a result of phenol modulation, we isolate a previously elusive crystalline titanium ellagate sustainable MOF, TUW-11, composed of monometallic Ti(IV) centers and plant-derived ellagic acid linkers. Three-dimensional electron diffraction, synchrotron X-ray techniques, and scanning transmission electron microscopy reveal a layered microporous framework with 1.1 nm channels. TUW-11 exhibits a narrow band gap, p-type semiconducting behavior, and ligand-centered visible-light photoresponse. These findings demonstrate phenol modulation as a powerful strategy for controlling titanium-phenolate framework formation and expand the synthetic toolbox available for Ti-MOF discovery.
The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2026 · DOI ↗
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Field: Inorganic Chemistry
Inorganic ChemistryChemistry