Clinical and Experimental Medicine· 2026Q1
Characterization of immune cell profiles of innate and humoral immunity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus through artificial intelligence
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- Q1SCImago
- 2026year
Short summary
An AI model perfectly distinguished lupus patients from healthy controls by analyzing immune cell profiles, identifying specific B cell and T cell subsets as key indicators.
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Key points
- AI model perfectly distinguished SLE patients from healthy controls with 1.00 precision, recall, and AUC.
- SLE patients showed increased effector memory/terminal effector CD4+ T cells, marginal zone B cells, and IgM hi B cells.
- SLE patients showed decreased memory, follicular, and IgM dim B cells.
- Key predictive immune cell subsets identified include specific B cells and T cell subsets (CTLA4+PD-1+ FoxP3+CD4+ T reg, effector memory CD8+αβ T cells).
AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) features uncontrolled humoral immunity. However, the alterations in innate and humoral immune profiles remain unclear. This study assessed immune cell profile (ICP) changes in patients with SLE versus healthy controls (HCs). Blood samples from 18 patients with SLE and 21 HCs were analyzed. The analysis covered granulocytes, B cells, T lymphocytes, and regulatory cells. An AI model evaluated each subset’s role in distinguishing the groups. Patients with SLE showed increased effector memory and terminal effector CD4 + T cells, marginal zone B cells, and IgM hi B cells, but decreased memory, follicular, and IgM dim B cells, indicating an active primary humoral response. The AI model perfectly distinguished patients with SLE from HCs (precision, recall, AUC = 1.00). It identified five key predictive subsets: follicular, IgM hi , and IgM dim B cells; CTLA4 + PD-1 + in FoxP3 + CD4 + T reg cells; and effector memory CD8 + αβ T cells. This study identified a distinct ICP in patients with SLE, enhancing understanding of ICP dynamics in SLE pathogenesis.
The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2026 · DOI ↗
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Field: Rheumatology
RheumatologyMedicine