Science· 2025Q1· Review
The contrast between monovalent and multivalent metal battery anodes
- 155citations
- Q1SCImago
- 2025year
Short summary
A Science review contrasts monovalent (Li, Na, K) and multivalent (Mg, Ca, Al) metal anodes, highlighting common challenges like irregular deposition and unstable SEIs, and proposing design strategies for improved performance in next-generation batteries.
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Key points
- Monovalent (Li, Na, K) and multivalent (Mg, Ca, Al) metal anodes offer alternatives to graphite for improved battery performance.
- Common challenges include irregular metal deposition and unstable solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs).
- Differences in electrochemical behavior stem from dissimilar surface energies and cation charge densities.
- Design strategies are proposed for electrodes, electrolytes, and interphases to enable stable SEIs and preferred metal deposition.
AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.
Abstract
Monovalent (lithium, sodium, potassium) and multivalent (magnesium, calcium, aluminum) metal anodes are promising alternatives to graphite anodes for overcoming the performance limitations of lithium-ion batteries. In this Review, we compare and contrast their electrochemical behaviors in nonaqueous electrolytes by discussing their common challenges of irregular metal deposition and unstable solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs), as well as their differences, which are due to dissimilar surface energies and cation charge densities. General design strategies for electrode, electrolyte, and interphase are proposed to enable horizontally deposited metals with preferred crystallographic orientations and stable SEIs with distinct chemical compositions yet similar structural homogeneity. Finally, we assess the specific advantages and unresolved challenges of each system, providing cross-disciplinary insights to advance high-energy and low-cost metal-anode batteries for next-generation energy storage.
The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Science, 2025 · DOI ↗
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Field: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Electrical and Electronic EngineeringEngineering