Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research· 2026Q1
Enhanced Ablation Resistance of Phenolic Resin at 1400–2300 °C through Zirconium-Doping-Induced Heterogeneous Melt Strengthening and Graphitization Transition
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- Q1SCImago
- 2026year
Short summary
Zirconium-doped phenolic resin (SiCBPR-Zr) forms an ultrastable, highly viscous ceramic shield that reduces linear ablation rate by 56.02% and mass ablation rate by 25.55% compared to undoped resin under oxyacetylene heat flux.
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Key points
- Zirconium doping creates Zr–O–Si glass and ZrO2 particles in the ceramic melt, forming an ultrastable, highly viscous shield.
- Optimized SiCBPR-Zr1‰ achieved a 56.02% lower linear ablation rate (0.0263 mm/s) and 25.55% lower mass ablation rate (0.0577 g/s).
- The material demonstrated a 38.1 °C back-temperature reduction and 10.07% greater residual weight in burn-through tests.
- The ZrO2 particles promote transition-metal-mediated graphitization, enhancing material stability.
AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.
Abstract
Abstract Boron oxide derived from boron-phenolic resin suffers severe viscosity reduction and volatilization at high temperatures, failing to form a robust ceramic melt layer and severely limiting its application in hypersonic vehicles. We designed a zirconium-doped polyborosilane hybrid phenolic resin (SiCBPR-Zr) featuring heterogeneous melt strengthening and catalytic graphitization. Under oxyacetylene heat flux, the inorganic segments in the cross-linked network form a viscous Zr–O–Si glass phase, followed by bond breakage to generate ZrO2 particles. These particles function as anchors within the ceramic melt, transforming it into an ultrastable, highly viscous, and interconnected multielement ceramic shield that heals cracks and promotes transition-metal-mediated graphitization. The optimized SiCBPR-Zr1‰ achieved 56.02% lower linear ablation rate (0.0263 mm/s), 25.55% lower mass ablation rate (0.0577 g/s), and 38.1 °C back-temperature reduction. Burn-through tests (4 MW/m2) showed 10.07% greater residual weight and 5.74% longer endurance. This work provides insights for high-performance thermal protection materials.
The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2026 · DOI ↗
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Field: Ceramics and Composites
Ceramics and CompositesMaterials Science