Translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Spanish of the Rapid Clinical Assessment of Modes

Abstract

Introduction: The therapeutic relationship and the use of self are essential components of Occupational Therapy practice, yet few validated instruments assess these constructs across therapist, client, and observer perspectives, particularly in Spanish-speaking contexts. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Rapid Clinical Assessment of Modes into Spanish and to examine its preliminary psychometric properties. Method: The translation and adaptation process followed standardized guidelines, including forward–backward translation, expert panel review, and iterative revision. The Spanish Rapid Clinical Assessment of Modes was administered to 41 clients receiving occupational therapy, 6 therapists, and 7 observers. Construct validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis with Unweighted Least Squares estimation. Inter-version relationships were examined using Spearman correlations, Bland–Altman analyses, and Krippendorff’s alpha. Results: No missing data were observed in the Rapid Clinical Assessment of Modes item responses used for psychometric analyses. Sampling adequacy was good (KMO = 0.79–0.82; Bartlett’s test p < 0.001). Parallel analysis supported a unidimensional structure for all three versions, jointly explaining 51%–61% of variance. Moderate to strong correlations were found among versions ( r = 0.48–0.65, p < 0.01). Agreement between raters was substantial (Krippendorff’s α = 0.74). Conclusion: The Spanish Rapid Clinical Assessment of Modes provided preliminary evidence of structural validity, reliability, and cross-perspective consistency, suggesting its potential utility as a brief tool to assess therapeutic communication and the use of self in Occupational Therapy.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2026 · DOI ↗