ACS Agricultural Science & Technology· 2026Q1· Review
Recent Horizons in Pyridine-Based Agrochemicals (2020-2026): From Molecular Design to Ecological Safety
- 0citations
- Q1SCImago
- 2026year
Short summary
Pyridine derivatives are driving innovation in agrochemicals, with recent designs (2020-2026) optimizing insecticidal potency against target receptors while decoupling toxicity from pollinators like honeybees.
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Key points
- Pyridine derivatives are key scaffolds for modern agrochemicals, including insecticides, PGRs, and biostimulants.
- Recent designs (2020-2026) use SAR and DFT modeling to enhance insecticidal activity against targets like nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
- New pyridine agrochemicals aim to decouple insecticidal potency from ecotoxicity towards pollinators such as honeybees.
- Green chemistry and smart formulations (e.g., CMC/P4VP hydrogels) are employed for controlled release, soil remediation, and reduced leaching.
- Advanced analytical tools like SERS are used for ultra-sensitive monitoring of pyridine residues in agro-ecosystems.
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Abstract
Abstract Pyridine derivatives have emerged as indispensable pharmacophoric scaffolds in contemporary agrochemistry, driving breakthroughs across next-generation insecticides, plant growth regulators (PGRs), micronutrient chelators, and biostimulants. This review provides a comprehensive, critical synthesis of structural innovations, advanced formulations, and ecological safety profiles of pyridine-based agrochemicals reported from 2020 to 2026. We systematically evaluate how structure-activity relationship (SAR) optimizations and density functional theory (DFT) quantum modeling have enabled the precise engineering of legacy neonicotinoids and targeted pyridine platforms to maximize entomological target-site affinity such as within insect nicotinic acetylcholine and ryanodine receptors while proactively decoupling insecticidal potency from non-target ecotoxicity toward vital pollinators like honeybees (Apis mellifera). Beyond molecular architecture, this work highlights the pioneering integration of green chemistry paradigms and smart formulation technologies, focusing on biodegradable polymer networks (e.g., carboxymethyl cellulose/poly(4-vinylpyridine) (CMC/P4VP) hydrogels) engineered to stabilize micronutrient chelation, trigger biostimulatory foliage responses, assist in soil remediation, and mitigate environmental leaching via controlled diffusion mechanisms. Furthermore, we examine the deployment of advanced analytical tools, including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), for ultra-sensitive trace monitoring of pyridinic residues in agro-ecosystems. By bridging fundamental chemical engineering with stringent ecological compliance and future artificial intelligence-driven molecular design, this review delivers essential, actionable perspectives for researchers and policymakers advancing sustainable, climate-smart agriculture.
The authors' abstract, as published at the source. ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, 2026 · DOI ↗
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