Sarcasm as a character creation tool in literary works: A pragmatic approach through Norman's unique use of language in On Golden Pond

Abstract

This article investigates the function of sarcasm as a sophisticated tool for character creation in cinematic narratives, using the character of Norman Thayer Jr. in On Golden Pond as a case study. Moving beyond classical Gricean models, this study adopts an integrated pragmatic stylistic framework that combines Relevance Theory (RT) with Impoliteness Theory and the study of telecinematic discourse. By examining emblematic excerpts from the film's dialogue, the analysis demonstrates how Norman's acerbic wit operates not merely as a psychological defence mechanism but as a calculated series of intentional face-attacks. Through RT's concept of echoic use and Bousfield's (2008) impoliteness framework, the article explains how Norman forces his interlocutors into cognitive traps, demanding significant inferential work to decode his hostility. Furthermore, situating these interactions within the realm of telecinematic discourse reveals that Norman's interpersonal aggression simultaneously functions as “entertaining impoliteness” for the overhearing audience (Simpson, 2003). Ultimately, this research illuminates the structural and cognitive artistry behind complex character portrayal, offering a systematic paradigm for analysing sarcasm as a narrative engine in screen discourse.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2026 · DOI ↗