Laser & Photonics Review· 2017Q1· Review
White light‐emitting diodes: History, progress, and future
- 807citations
- Q1SCImago
- 2017year
Short summary
White light-emitting diodes (LEDs), first commercialized in 1996, have revolutionized lighting by surpassing the efficiency of incandescent and fluorescent lamps.
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Key points
- White LEDs were first sold in 1996, initiating a shift away from incandescent and fluorescent lighting.
- Early white LEDs already demonstrated higher efficiency than low-wattage incandescent lamps.
- Significant progress has been made in blue LED chips, device architecture, light extraction, and phosphors over the last 20 years.
- The review discusses the history, improvements, and commercialization of white LEDs.
- Future opportunities in smart LED technology are also briefly explored.
AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.
Abstract
Abstract About twenty years ago, in the autumn of 1996, the first white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) were offered for sale. These then‐new devices ushered in a new era in lighting by displacing lower‐efficiency conventional light sources including Edison's venerable incandescent lamp as well as the Hg‐discharge‐based fluorescent lamp. We review the history of the conception, improvement, and commercialization of the white LED. Early models of white LEDs already exceeded the efficiency of low‐wattage incandescent lamps, and extraordinary progress has been made during the last 20 years. The review also includes a discussion of advances in blue LED chips, device architecture, light extraction, and phosphors. Finally, we offer a brief outlook on opportunities provided by smart LED technology. image
The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Laser & Photonics Review, 2017 · DOI ↗
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Field: Condensed Matter Physics
Condensed Matter PhysicsPhysics and Astronomy