Pediatric Radiology· 2026Q1· Review
Neuroinflammatory and demyelinating disorders in children: demystifying and updating with a focus on myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease
- 1citations
- Q1SCImago
- 2026year
Short summary
Advances in imaging, consensus statements, and autoantibody detection have enabled prompt diagnosis of pediatric neuroinflammatory disorders like POMS, ADEM, NMOSD, and MOGAD.
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Key points
- Pediatric neuroinflammatory disorders are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune conditions.
- Advances in imaging, consensus, and autoantibody detection have improved diagnosis.
- MRI is essential for early identification, differentiation, and treatment.
- This review focuses on POMS, NMOSD, and MOGAD, emphasizing MRI protocols.
AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.
Abstract
Abstract Pediatric neuroinflammatory disorders are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune conditions that have evolved rapidly over the past decade and are encountered in both community and specialized pediatric practice. This group can share overlapping features and includes pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), formally defined by international consensus in 2023 [32]. Advances in imaging techniques, international consensus statements, and improved detection of central nervous system (CNS)-specific autoantibodies have enabled prompt, precise diagnosis of these disorders [2]. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential tool for early identification, differentiation, and diagnosis, enabling early intervention and focused treatment. This review provides an up-to-date clinico-radiological summary of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), emphasizing MRI protocols and advanced sequences for lesion detection and phenotypic differentiation.
The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Pediatric Radiology, 2026 · DOI ↗
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Field: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Pathology and Forensic MedicineMedicine