Intrapreneurship Among Nurses in Private Hospitals According to Demographic and Professional Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study in Türkiye

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Nursing intrapreneurship is increasingly recognized as a pathway for innovation, quality improvement, and organizational development in healthcare. This study examined nurses’ intrapreneurship levels according to selected demographic and professional characteristics in private hospitals in Türkiye. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study used an online survey distributed to nurses working in public and private hospitals between December 2023 and April 2024. Because public-sector participation was insufficient for meaningful analysis, the final analytic sample was restricted after data collection to 640 nurses employed in private hospitals. Data were collected using a demographic and professional information form and the 21-item Intrapreneurship Scale. The total scale score was treated as the primary outcome, while subscale analyses were secondary and exploratory. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, Spearman’s rho correlation analysis, and multivariable general linear models were used. Results: The mean total Intrapreneurship Scale score was 3.69 ± 0.61. In secondary analyses, innovativeness had the highest mean score (4.27 ± 0.67), followed by risk-taking and proactiveness (3.80 ± 0.69), while autonomy had the lowest score (3.04 ± 0.85). In multivariable models, gender remained associated with the total score and, in secondary analyses, with risk-taking and proactiveness and autonomy; however, adjusted differences were small. No other fixed factor showed a statistically significant overall association after adjustment. Conclusions: Nurses working in private hospitals in Türkiye had total intrapreneurship scores above the scale midpoint. Findings should be interpreted in light of the private-hospital restriction, the exploratory nature of subscale analyses, and the role of organizational context in supporting nurse intrapreneurship.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Healthcare, 2026 · DOI ↗