‘Caring for the club’: evaluating the role of supporter liaison officers in English football

Abstract

This article examines a neglected and often misunderstood role in the governance of English football: the Supporter Liaison Officer (SLO). Originating in Germany in the late 1980s, a network of SLOs began to be embedded across European football after 2010. In theory, SLOs have a deep insight into their club’s fan culture, while being able to establish and maintain trusting relationships with different stakeholders, including club officials and security personnel. Drawing on 19 in-depth interviews and participant observation with SLOs currently operating across all four divisions of the football pyramid, this article provides the first study on how the role has developed in England. Although ostensibly providing a brokerage or bridging function between the club and the fans, our research contends that SLOs in England perform a primarily caring role amongst the club’s fanbase and local community. The article assesses the theory-practice gap, exploring how the SLO role is manifested across the English football pyramid and compares this with the evolution of the role in Europe. Theoretically, the article draws upon feminist scholarship to reconceptualise the SLO role as ‘care work’, which reveals broader insights about both the contemporary political economy of English football and the growing welfare function of football in the wider UK political economy. It concludes by assessing the future professionalisation of the SLO role and its continued purchase in the dynamic landscape of fan democracy and football governance in England.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 2026 · DOI ↗