Physiological Reviews· 2012Q1· Review
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction
- 718citations
- Q1SCImago
- 2012year
Short summary
Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells are the primary site for sensing, transducing, and executing hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV).
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Key points
- Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells contain the essential sensor, transduction, and effector mechanisms for HPV.
- HPV mechanisms are influenced by both intrinsic cellular pathways and extrinsic factors from other cells.
- Research integrates cellular findings with observations in intact lungs and vessels to understand in vivo HPV.
- HPV plays a role in critical physiological and pathophysiological processes, including the transition to neonatal life and altitude-related lung issues.
AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.
Abstract
It has been known for more than 60 years, and suspected for over 100, that alveolar hypoxia causes pulmonary vasoconstriction by means of mechanisms local to the lung. For the last 20 years, it has been clear that the essential sensor, transduction, and effector mechanisms responsible for hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) reside in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell. The main focus of this review is the cellular and molecular work performed to clarify these intrinsic mechanisms and to determine how they are facilitated and inhibited by the extrinsic influences of other cells. Because the interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms is likely to shape expression of HPV in vivo, we relate results obtained in cells to HPV in more intact preparations, such as intact and isolated lungs and isolated pulmonary vessels. Finally, we evaluate evidence regarding the contribution of HPV to the physiological and pathophysiological processes involved in the transition from fetal to neonatal life, pulmonary gas exchange, high-altitude pulmonary edema, and pulmonary hypertension. Although understanding of HPV has advanced significantly, major areas of ignorance and uncertainty await resolution.
The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Physiological Reviews, 2012 · DOI ↗
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Field: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Endocrine and Autonomic SystemsNeuroscience