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Blood Research· 2026Q2

Expanding the spectrum of post-HSCT hemolysis: from passenger lymphocyte syndrome to host- and graft-associated alloimmune hemolytic anemia

Dong Wook Jekarl, Jungjun Lee, Yujin Cha, Jay Ho Han et al.

Short summary

New terms, 'host-associated alloimmune hemolytic anemia' and 'graft-associated alloimmune hemolytic anemia,' are proposed to distinguish hemolysis causes after ABO-incompatible HSCT, though their clinical utility may be limited by rarity.

AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.

Key points

  • Hemolytic anemia is a complication of ABO-incompatible HSCT.
  • Passenger lymphocyte syndrome is seen in minor ABO-incompatible HSCT.
  • Delayed hemolysis can occur in both major and minor ABO mismatches.
  • New terms, host-associated and graft-associated alloimmune hemolytic anemia, are proposed to classify hemolysis origin.
  • Management involves transfusion, plasmapheresis, and immunomodulatory therapies.

AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.

Abstract

Abstract Immune-mediated alloimmunization and hemolytic anemia can complicate ABO-incompatible hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). After major ABO-incompatible HSCT, clinical manifestations may include pure red cell aplasia and delayed hemolysis. Passenger lymphocyte syndrome and delayed hemolysis are typical complications of minor ABO-incompatible HSCT. Because delayed hemolysis after major or minor ABO mismatch may be indistinguishable, the terms host-associated alloimmune hemolytic anemia and graft-associated alloimmune hemolytic anemia have been tentatively proposed to distinguish these conditions according to their host or graft origin. However, the rarity of these subgroups may limit the clinical utility of this classification. Management across the clinical spectrum includes transfusion support, plasmapheresis, and therapeutics related to immunomodulatory therapies.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Blood Research, 2026 · DOI ↗

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Field: Hematology

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