Translational Neurodegeneration· 2020Q1· Review
Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders: the roles of microglia and astrocytes
- 2,551citations
- Q1SCImago
- 2020year
Short summary
This review highlights that microglia and astrocytes, key regulators of neuroinflammation in diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, exhibit complex and heterogeneous phenotypes beyond a simple neurotoxic vs. neuroprotective dichotomy.
AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.
Key points
- Microglia and astrocytes are central to neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.
- Their activation is heterogeneous, challenging a simple neurotoxic/neuroprotective classification.
- Phenotypic distribution of these glial cells changes with disease progression.
- Biomarkers and therapeutic drugs targeting neuroinflammation are under investigation.
AI-generated from the title and abstract; the full text is not read.
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Microglia and astrocytes are key regulators of inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. The activation of microglia and astrocytes is heterogeneous and traditionally categorized as neurotoxic (M1-phenotype microglia and A1-phenotype astrocytes) or neuroprotective (M2-phenotype microglia and A2-phenotype astrocytes). However, this dichotomized classification may not reflect the various phenotypes of microglia and astrocytes. The relationship between these activated glial cells is also very complicated, and the phenotypic distribution can change, based on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. A better understanding of the roles of microglia and astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases is essential for developing effective therapies. In this review, we discuss the roles of inflammatory response in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the contributions of microglia and astrocytes and their relationship. In addition, we discuss biomarkers to measure neuroinflammation and studies on therapeutic drugs that can modulate neuroinflammation.
The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Translational Neurodegeneration, 2020 · DOI ↗
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Field: Neurology (Neuroscience)
NeurologyNeuroscience