TRPM2 is a direct pain transducer

Abstract

Chronic pain results from maladaptive interaction between the immune and nervous systems. TRPM2 channels in immune cells (immune TRPM2) are believed to facilitate chronic pain by indirectly promoting immune-inflammatory responses, whereas TRPM2 in sensory neurons (neuronal TRPM2) acts as a warmth sensor critical to sense innocuous warm temperatures. However, neuronal TRPM2 mediates the warmth sensitivity of less than 3.5% of sensory neurons. The functions of the vast majority of TRPM2 + neurons are unknown. Here, we show that neuronal TRPM2 functions as a pain sensor responsible for directly transducing acute and chronic pain independently of immune TRPM2. Both chronic arthritis pain and neuropathic pain were markedly reduced in TRPM2-knockout mice, and the pain deficit was recapitulated by sole deletion of neuronal TRPM2. However, immune and inflammatory responses were largely similar between wild-type and neuronal TRPM2-deficient mice. Moreover, antagonizing TRPM2 rapidly reversed arthritis pain and neuropathic pain. Notably, TRPM2 is activated by PGE2 and IgG immune complex (IgG-IC) through coupling to GαoA and FcγRI, respectively, independently of conventional signaling messengers. Consistently, acute pain induced by PGE2 and IgG-IC was abolished in TRPM2 mutant mice. We conclude that neuronal TRPM2 is a convergent direct pain transducer independently of inflammation, representing an appealing target for alleviating chronic pain.

The authors' abstract, as published at the source. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2026 · DOI ↗