Mechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance

Short summary

This review synthesizes current knowledge on insulin action and resistance, focusing on skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue, to inform novel therapies for type 2 diabetes (T2D). It details cell-autonomous signaling pathways, tissue crosstalk (e.g., adipose lipolysis and hepatic gluconeogenesis), and proposes an integrated model of insulin resistance linking bioactive lipids, nutrient stresses, and non-cell autonomous factors to metabolite-driven gluconeogenesis and ectopic lipid accumulation.

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